Mapping tests of spreadsheets in server-browser environments

ABSTRACT

A file management system may include a file server that performs calculations of a spreadsheet file instance to generate a dataset that includes values in the spreadsheet file instance. The file management system also may include an application operating at a client device that is in communication with the file server via a network. The application may receive, via the network, a version of the dataset comprising the values generated by the calculations performed by the server. The application may visualize a spreadsheet at the user interface. The visualized spreadsheet may display at least a subset of the values. In one case, protected contents of one or more cells in the spreadsheet may be converted to other values when displayed at the user interface.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 17/228,378, filed on Apr. 12, 2021, which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/202,663,filed on Mar. 16, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/599,056, filed on Oct. 10, 2019, which claimsthe benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/744,580 filedon Oct. 11, 2018. All of which are hereby incorporated by reference intheir entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosed embodiments are related to generating and processingspreadsheets and, more particularly, related to providing a file serverthat may perform calculations of the spreadsheet and a user interfacethat may render a visualization of the spreadsheet.

BACKGROUND

Native desktop spreadsheets, such as those files that are run locally ona computer, are often the “workhorse” tools used for data modeling. Theyare widely used, flexible in adapting to a myriad of cases, powerful inthe sense that they can handle large and complex applications, andrapidly deployable. Yet, against these significant advantages areseveral limitations. Native desktop spreadsheets are often complex filesthat are generally slow to load at launch. They are often hackable. Forexample, contents in a native desktop spreadsheet file are often fullytransparent to expert users. Moreover, distribution of spreadsheets isproblematic especially because the creation of multiple file copies mayintroduce problems of version control during development or continuedusage of the spreadsheet. Also, it is often very difficult to track whohas used a native desktop file once the file is passed from the controlof its owner.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an environment of an example filemanagement system, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example file server, inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example client device, inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example graphical user interface (GUI), inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D are conceptual diagram illustrating an exampleprocess in creating a mapping entry in a mapping file, in accordancewith an embodiment.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are conceptual diagrams illustrating update processes ofdestination files based on the mapping entries in mapping files, inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram of a GUI to illustrate example featuresof the GUI, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example use of a checksumfeature, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart depicting an example process that may be performedby a file server, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart depicting an example process that may beperformed by a client device, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B are conceptual diagrams illustrating twospreadsheets that have different looks, feels, and arrangements of data,in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 11C is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example graphical userinterface for a user to create and manage a mapping file that associatescells in a standard dashboard and one or more spreadsheets, inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 11D is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example standarddashboard, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 11E is a conceptual diagram illustrating a functionality of thefile server to provide sets of predetermined values to increase thespeed of operation of the spreadsheet and adjustment, in accordance withan embodiment.

FIG. 11F is a conceptual diagram illustrating a GUI of the file server120 that displays an analytical report that can be generated based onvarious spreadsheets with different arrangements of data, in accordancewith some embodiments.

FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a mapping test report, inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an example computing device, in accordancewith an embodiment.

The figures depict various embodiments for purposes of illustrationonly. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the followingdiscussion that alternative embodiments of the structures and methodsillustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principlesdescribed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The figures (FIGS.) and the following description relate to preferredembodiments by way of illustration only. One of skill in the art mayrecognize alternative embodiments of the structures and methodsdisclosed herein as viable alternatives that may be employed withoutdeparting from the principles of what is disclosed.

Reference will now be made in detail to several embodiments, examples ofwhich are illustrated in the accompanying figures. It is noted thatwherever practicable similar or like reference numbers may be used inthe figures and may indicate similar or like functionality. The figuresdepict embodiments of the disclosed system (or method) for purposes ofillustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize fromthe following description that alternative embodiments of the structuresand methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing fromthe principles described herein.

Configuration Overview

Disclosed are example embodiments relating to file management systemsand processes for efficiently calculating values of a file such as aspreadsheet and rendering the file on a user interface. In accordancewith an embodiment, an example system may include a server and anapplication operating at a client device that is in communication withthe server via a network. The server may perform calculations for aspreadsheet file instance to generate a dataset that includes values inthe spreadsheet file instance. The server may convert protected contentsof the spreadsheet file instance to other formats or values. Forexample, one or more formulas that are protected contents in thespreadsheet may be converted to other values before the dataset istransmitted to the client device. The system allows an edit to aspreadsheet to be reflected in two files that are saved in two platforms(e.g., the application of the client device and the server).

The application of the client device may receive, via the network, aversion of the dataset that includes the converted contents and thevalues generated by the calculations performed by the server. Theversion of the dataset may be an encoded version for transmission overthe network. The application may visualize the spreadsheet at a userinterface. The visualized spreadsheet may display at least a subset ofthe values and display the converted contents instead of the protectedcontents. The application may create associations between the values andthe cells of the spreadsheet and encode the values in document objectmodel (DOM) elements. The application may detect a display area of theuser interface and identify a subset of cells that are covered by thedisplay area. The subset of values that are displayed may correspond tothe cells that are covered by the display area.

Example System Environment

Referring now to FIG. (FIG. 1 , a block diagram that illustrates anenvironment of an example file management system 100 is shown, inaccordance with an embodiment. By way of example, the file managementsystem 100 may include one or more client devices, e.g., 110A, 110B,110C, etc. (collectively referred to as client devices 110 or a clientdevice 110), one or more file servers 120, each having a file managementsystem 125. In various embodiments, the system 100 may include fewer andadditional components that are not shown in FIG. 1 . The components inthe system 100 may communicate through the network 140. The componentsin the system 100 may cooperate to provide various interfaces and systemcomponents to manage and operate various types of files, such asspreadsheets and webpage files. In this disclosure, while a file may bereferred to as a spreadsheet, the operations described herein can beextended to other file formats, such as a webpage file in a markuplanguage format or another suitable format (e.g., HTML file, XML file,JSON file etc.). The spreadsheets illustrated in various embodiments aremerely examples of files.

A client device 110 may be controlled by a client of the server 120 whomay send a request to store, read, search, delete, and/or modify datastored in one or more files such as spreadsheets. The client also may bereferred to as a user or an end user of the server 120. The clientdevice 110 also may be referred to as a user device or an end userdevice. Each client device 110 may include one or more applications 112(individually referred to as 112A, 112B, 112C, etc., and collectivelyreferred to as applications 112 or an application 112) and one or moreuser interfaces 114 (individually referred to as 114A, 114B, 114C, etc.,and collectively referred to as user interfaces 114 or a user interface114). The client devices 110 may be any computing devices. Examples ofsuch client devices 110 include personal computers (PC), desktopcomputers, laptop computers, tablets (e.g., iPADS), smartphones,wearable electronic devices such as smartwatches, or any other suitableelectronic devices. The clients may be of different natures such asincluding individual end users, organizations, businesses, and otherclients that use different types of client devices that run on differentoperating systems.

The applications 112 may be any suitable software applications thatoperate at the client devices 110. An application 112 may be incommunication with the file server 120 via the network 140. Theapplication 112 may generate a visualization of a file such as aspreadsheet to be displayed at a user interface 114. The applications112 may be of different types. In one case, an application 112 may be aweb application that runs on JavaScript or other alternatives, such asTypeScript, etc. In the case of a web application, the application 112cooperates with a web browser, which is an example of user interface114, to render a spreadsheet. In another case, an application 112 may bea mobile application. For example, the mobile application may run onSwift for iOS and other APPLE operating systems or on Java or anothersuitable language for ANDROID systems. In yet another case, anapplication 112 may be a software program that operates on a desktopoperating system such as LINUX, MICROSOFT WINDOWS, MAC OS, or CHROME OS.

In one embodiment, the applications 112 may be provided and controlledby the file server 120. For example, the company operating the fileserver 120 may be a cloud service provider that provides a front-endsoftware application that can be installed, run, or displayed at aclient device 110. For example, the company may provide the applications112 as a form of software as a service (SaaS). In one case, an exampleapplication 112 is published and made available by the company operatingthe file server 120 at an application store (App store) of a mobileoperating system. In another case, an end user may go to the company'swebsite and launch a web application for the access and edit of thefiles such as spreadsheets.

The user interfaces 114 may be any suitable interfaces for receivinginputs from users and for communication with users. When a user of theclient device 110 attempts to store, read, search, delete, or modify afile, the user may communicate to the application 112 and the fileserver 120 through the user interface 114. The user interface 114 maytake different forms. In one embodiment, the user interface 114 may be aweb browser such as CHROME, FIREFOX, SAFARI, INTERNET EXPLORER, EDGE,etc. and the application 112 may be a web application that is run by theweb browser. In another application, the user interface 114 is part ofthe application 112. For example, the user interface 114 may be thefront-end component of a mobile application or a desktop application.The user interface 114 also may be referred to as a graphical userinterface (GUI) which includes graphical elements to display files suchas spreadsheets. In another embodiment, the user interface 114 may notinclude graphical elements but may communicate with the file server 120via other suitable ways such as application program interfaces (APIs).

The file servers 120 are one or more computing devices that manage andprocess files such as spreadsheets. In this disclosure, the file servers120 may collectively and singularly be referred to as a file server 120,even though the file server 120 may include more than one computingdevices. For example, the file server 120 may be a pool of computingdevices that may be located at the same geographical location (e.g., aserver room) or distributed geographically (e.g., cloud computing,distributed computing, or in a virtual server network). The file server120 may include a file management system 125 that manages and processesfiles. The files may be saved in the data storage provided by the fileserver 120 or may be saved in a third-party storage system such asAMAZON AWS, DROPBOX, RACKSPACE CLOUD FILES, AZURE BLOB STORAGE, GOOGLECLOUD STORAGE, etc. In some cases, the file server 120 also may bereferred to as a cloud storage server 120.

A computing device of the file server 120 may take the form of software,hardware, or a combination thereof (e.g., a computing machine of FIG. 13). For example, parts of the file server 120 may be a PC, a tablet PC, asmartphone, an internet of things (IoT) appliance, or any machinecapable of executing instructions that specify actions to be taken bythat machine. Parts of the server 120 may include one or more processingunits (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit(GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), a controller, a state machine,one or more ASICs, one or more RFICs, or any combination of these) and amemory.

The file management system 125 may be a software system that performscalculations and processing of files such as spreadsheets to generatedatasets that includes values in the files such as spreadsheets. In oneembodiment, since the calculations and processing of files are performedon the server side, the processing capacity available to the file server120 may be significantly higher than the processing capacity of a clientdevice 110 or that of a web browser that is used as the user interface114.

The communications between the client devices 110 and the server 120 maybe transmitted via a network 140, for example, via the Internet. Thenetwork 140 provides connections to the components of the system 100through one or more sub-networks, which may include any combination oflocal area and/or wide area networks, using both wired and/or wirelesscommunication systems. In one embodiment, a network 140 uses standardcommunications technologies and/or protocols. For example, a network 140may include communication links using technologies such as Ethernet,802.11, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), 3G, 4G,Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G, code division multiple access (CDMA),digital subscriber line (DSL), etc. Examples of network protocols usedfor communicating via the network 140 include multiprotocol labelswitching (MPLS), transmission control protocol/Internet protocol(TCP/IP), hypertext transport protocol (HTTP), simple mail transferprotocol (SMTP), and file transfer protocol (FTP). Data exchanged over anetwork 140 may be represented using any suitable format, such ashypertext markup language (HTML), extensible markup language (XML), orJSON. In some embodiments, all or some of the communication links of anetwork 140 may be encrypted using any suitable technique or techniquessuch as secure sockets layer (SSL), transport layer security (TLS),virtual private networks (VPNs), Internet Protocol security (IPsec),etc. The network 140 also includes links and packet switching networkssuch as the Internet.

The system 100 allows an edit to be saved in two files (e.g., avisualized spreadsheet at the user interface 114 and a server-sidespreadsheet at the file management system 125) that are distributed intwo platforms (e.g., client device 110 and file server 120). Details ofthe client devices 110, applications 112, user interfaces 114, fileserver 120 and file management system 125 will be further discussed withreference with other figures such as FIGS. 2 and 3 . The details will bediscussed through examples of facilitating a deployment of spreadsheetfunctionality into a web browser environment, but the same or similarprinciples may be applied to other embodiments of this disclosure thatuse other file formats (e.g., files other than spreadsheet) in othertypes of applications 112 and user interfaces 114 (e.g., a mobileapplication that is independent of a web browser). The use ofspreadsheet and web browser as example should not be construed aslimiting the disclosure to only spreadsheets and web browsers.

Example File Server

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example file server 120, inaccordance with an embodiment. Components of the file server 120 mayinclude all or a subset of the example computing system illustrated anddescribed with FIG. 13 . The file server 120 may include the filemanagement system 125, an external application programming interface(API) engine 210, a caching tool 220, a service discovery engine 230, aspreadsheet file store 240, and a model update engine 280. In variousembodiments, the file server 120 may include fewer and additionalcomponents that are not shown in FIG. 2 . The functions of the fileserver 120 may be distributed among the components in a different mannerthan described. The file server 120 performs calculations and otherprocessing for various spreadsheet file instances. For each spreadsheetfile instance, the file server 120 may generate a dataset that includesvalues in the spreadsheet file instance. For example, the values alsomay be referred to as contents, which includes numerical values,formulas, and rules in various cells of the spreadsheet file instance.

The file server 120 may store various spreadsheet files in thespreadsheet file store 240. Each spreadsheet file may be created by auser, which may be referred to as a creator or an owner. An owner maycreate a spreadsheet by uploading an existing spreadsheet file (e.g., aCSV file, an excel file, etc.) to the file server 120 or by building thespreadsheet file directly through the application (e.g., application112) provided by the file server 120. An owner may also be a person whohas been granted authorities by the original creator of the spreadsheetfile. Hence, a spreadsheet file may include more than one owner. Thespreadsheet files also may be referred to server-side spreadsheet files.A spreadsheet may include one or more worksheets (which may berepresented in different tabs). Each worksheet may include rows andcolumns that define cells that are within one worksheet. Each worksheetmay be a separate file and several worksheets combined in a spreadsheetmay also be a file.

For a spreadsheet file, the file server 120 may store a pool ofspreadsheet file instances 270. Each pool 270 may correspond to anoriginating file. For example, each spreadsheet file instance in thepool 270 may be a copy of the underlying spreadsheet file. When theoriginating spreadsheet file is first created, the file may be referredto as in a zero-state condition. A zero-state condition may include, forexample, the state when an originating file is first uploaded, or astate when the file with various edits are combined and reconciled. Forexample, the file server 120 also may receive edits to one or morespreadsheet file instances in the pool 270 and occasionally apply theedits to the originating spreadsheet file. The edited file may bereferred to as a new zero state. In other words, a zero state may be acommon reference point among the spreadsheet file instances in the pool270. In one embodiment in which the feature of having multiple copies ofthe same spreadsheet file is not implemented, a spreadsheet fileinstance may be the same as the spreadsheet file.

The file server 120 may use the file management system 125 to maintain apool of spreadsheet file instances 270 for each spreadsheet file. Foreach spreadsheet file, the file management system 125 may create a modelinstance 250. Hence, the file management system 125 may maintainmultiple model instances 250 for various spreadsheet files saved in thespreadsheet file store 240. Each model instance 250 deploys variouscomponents to manage and process a pool of spreadsheet file instances270. The processing capacity available to file server 120 enables thefull capabilities of spreadsheets compared to web browser basedspreadsheets, which have limited capacities. Owing to the possibility ofhaving a network of computing devices to form the file server 120 invarious embodiments, the computing performance could exceed what wouldbe available to those using native desktop spreadsheets files on lesspowerful computers. The pool of spreadsheet file instances 270 alsoallows multiple users (e.g., collaborators and the creator) tosimultaneously access a model instance 250 without impediment to eachother or loss of performance. The file server 120 may maintain distinctpools of the spreadsheet file. The distinct pools may exist on multiplecomputing devices and may be managed by service discovery engine 230,which distributes and assigns tasks to various computing devices in thefile server 120 and keeps track of different spreadsheet file instances.

The file management system 125 may include one or more additionalfeatures. For example, between periods of engagement of a file instanceby users, the file instances in the pool 270 may be maintained in a zerostate and are maintained as opened by file management system 125. Thezero-state condition may be the starting-point of the spreadsheet asobserved by users when a spreadsheet is displayed at a user device 110.The file instances being maintained opened reduces the lag upon firstusing the file as the spreadsheet is called by a user interface 114 suchas a web browser. The number of file instances deployed in a pool 270may be increased according to information received from calculationengine 258, and may be scaled indefinitely based on the usage asindicated in the calculation engine 258. For example, the filemanagement system 125 maintains a sufficient buffer of spreadsheet fileinstances that are unused but opened to service the demand anticipated.As the number of spreadsheet file instances that are being processed bythe calculation engine 258 increases, additional zero-state spreadsheetfile instances may be added in the pool 270. In one embodiment, the filemanagement system 125 does not have an effective limit to the number ofsimultaneous users who may interact with a particular model instance250.

The pool of spreadsheet file instances 270 also allows multiple users tocollaborate simultaneously and allows the file server 120 to trackchanges individually. As multiple collaborators input data at the userinterfaces 114 such as web browsers, file server 120 receives theirinputs ultimately to edit the respective individual file instances atthe zero state in the pool. The file server 120 records the edits ofcollaborators and compare the edits to the zero state. The file server120 associates a spreadsheet file instance having an edit with a useridentifier of the collaborator who made the edit so that the file server120 may keep track of individual edits. The file server 120 transmitsthe resulting outputs back to the appropriate collaborators, and allowseach collaborator to save particular scenario results to a non-zerostate. The non-zero state for a particular spreadsheet file instancewill be affiliated with the collaborator's user account. The filemanagement system 125 as hosted by the file server 120 solves thetechnical challenges of slow loading times and multiple users. It alsoconfers the benefits (not available to single native desktop instancesof spreadsheets) of allowing for multi-party to track usage whilemaintaining version control and content protection.

The file server 120 may receive inputs from users via the network 140and perform calculation and processing of spreadsheets using the filemanagement system 125. The external API engine 210 may be the interfaceof the file server 120 for the receipt and transmission of data betweenuser devices 110 and the file server 120. The external API engine 210may include a user management security engine 212 that determines theuser authority in editing a particular spreadsheet file instance andprovides vetting for other user permissions and security before inputdata from a user is further transmitted to the internal API engine 252.The file server 120 also may use the service discovery engine 230 todetermine how to route the input data to a particular model instance 250and a particular computing device of the file server 120.

The internal API engine 252 may be an interface of a model instance 250for communications with other components. In one embodiment, theinternal API engine 252 transmits the dataset that includes the user'sinputs to a decoding engine 254. The decoding engine 254 converts thedataset that is encoded in a format for the transmission through thenetwork 140 to another format that is used by the file management system125. The decoding engine 254 provides the decoded dataset to thecalculation engine 258 to perform calculation and processing of thevalues in one of the spreadsheet file instances. For example, thedataset input from the user may include, at a cell of the spreadsheet, anew value or edited value that affects the generation of values in othercells. The calculation engine 258 performs calculations of other cellsin the spreadsheet file instance based on the new or edited value. Inanother example, the dataset inputted from the user may specify a newformula or rule. The calculation engine 258 applies the formula or ruleto one or more cells in the spreadsheet file instance that is associatedwith the user. The calculation engine 258 generates the values in thespreadsheet file instance. The calculation engine 258 may repeat thecalculation for other spreadsheet file instances and also for otherspreadsheets. The values of a single spreadsheet file instances may beprovided as an output dataset or values from various spreadsheets may becombined as an output dataset for the encoding engine 260 to encode to aformat used for transmission via the network 140. The encoding engine260 may perform a content protection operation to change protectedcontents to other formats, which will be discussed further in detailwith reference to encoding and decoding of data below. The outputdataset is transmitted to a client device 110 for display via theinternal API engine 252, the external API engine 254, and the network140.

The file management system 125 also may include a report feature usingthe reporting engine 256. For example, for a spreadsheet that is createdby an owner (e.g., a creator), the reporting engine 230 may record theactivities of collaborators performed on one or more spreadsheet fileinstances in the pool 270. The report engine 230 may transmit a reportthat includes documentation of the activities of the collaborators tothe owner. For example, the report may specify the kinds of edits thateach collaborator made and provide options for the create to adopt theedits to generate another zero-state checkpoint and to reconcile orresolve the conflicts among the edits of various collaborator.

The file server (e.g., one or more) 120 also may enable the efficientand speedy deployment of complex spreadsheet information with a cachingtool 220. The caching tool 220 may include caches such as memories thatallow scenarios that have been previously run on a particular modelinstance to be saved and redeployed quickly to the appropriate user atthe external API engine 210, rather than fully processing the data againthrough various engines in the model instance 250. For example, thememory of the caching tool 220 stores previously generated values of thespreadsheet in one or more previous runs that edited spreadsheet fileinstances. The file server 120 receives an input from the application112 of a user device 110 to change one or more values of a spreadsheet.The file server 120 checks the input against the previous inputs thatare stored in the memory of the caching tool 220. In response to theinput matching a previous input, the file server 120 may transmit thepreviously generated values to the user instead of using the calculationengine 258 to generate the output.

The various engines and components shown in FIG. 2 may be software thatincludes instructions, when executed by hardware components such as oneor more processors, to perform the functionality. For example, theexternal API engine 210 may include software instructions and networkinterface component. The spreadsheet file store 240 may include memoriesand software instructions for storing and retrieving of data. Thecalculation engine 258 may include instructions that can cause one ormore processors to perform calculation and processing of spreadsheets.

Example Client Device

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example client device 110, inaccordance with an embodiment. Components of the client device 110 mayinclude all or a subset of the example computing system illustrated anddescribed with FIG. 13 . The client device 110 includes an application112 and a user interface 114 that are installed and operate at theclient device 110. The application 112 may include various componentssuch as a spreadsheet renderer 300, a decoding engine 310, a sheet stylegenerator 312, a cell style generator 314, a virtualization engine 316,document object models (DOMs) 320, an input/output (I/O) handler 322, anencoding engine 324, and an activity aggregator 326. The application 112may include fewer and additional components that are not shown in FIG. 3. The functions of the application 112 may be distributed among thecomponents in a different manner than described. The components of theclient device 110, such as the application 112, may include computercode that includes instructions stored in a non-transitory computerreadable medium. The instructions, when executed by one or moreprocessors, may cause the processors to perform certain processesdescribed herein.

The application 112 may include a spreadsheet renderer 300 that causes avisualization of a spreadsheet at the user interface 114. In oneembodiment, the application 112 may focus on rendering the visualizationof data received from file server 120 instead of performing calculations(e.g., calculations related to one or more formulas in the spreadsheet)for generating data values of a spreadsheet. The application 112operates at a client device 110 that is in communication with the fileserver 120, such as through the external API engine 210. The application112 receives, via a network 140, a version of the dataset that includesvalues generated by the calculations performed by the file server 120.For example, the values generated from applying one or more formulas inthe spreadsheet file are calculated at the file server 120 and includedin a version of the dataset sent to the application 112 so that theapplication 112 may focus on visualizing the data instead of performingcalculations for the spreadsheet file. A version of dataset may refer toan original version of the dataset that is generated by the calculationengine 258 or a variation of the dataset such as an encoded versionencoded in a format for the transmission through the network 140 oranother adjusted version. In one embodiment, the dataset received by theclient device 110 may correspond to values in a single spreadsheet. Inanother embodiment, the dataset received by the client device 110 maycorrespond to values in more than one file that are combined by the fileserver 120 before the dataset is transferred. The application 112 mayuse the spreadsheet renderer 300 to visualize a spreadsheet at the userinterface 114 using a version of the dataset transmitted from the fileserver 120. A worksheet in the visualized spreadsheet may be presentedas a single worksheet even if values in the worksheet may be drawn fromvarious files by the file server 120. The visualized spreadsheet maydisplay at least a subset of the values in the dataset. For example, thevisualized spreadsheet may only display values of the cells in aworksheet that are within the display area of the user interface 114. Inanother case, the worksheet may be small enough to fit in the entirearea so that the at least a subset of values in fact encompasses alldata in the spreadsheet. The visualized spreadsheet also may displayconverted contents instead of protected contents. This feature will bediscussed further in detail with reference to encoding and decoding ofdata below.

To render the values in a spreadsheet efficiently in a user interface114 such as a web browser, in one embodiment, the spreadsheet renderer300 may make each cell of a spreadsheet (e.g., one of various cells inone or more worksheets) a document object model (DOM) element. Forexample, in a version the dataset that is transmitted from the fileserver 120, the values that correspond to values of cells of thespreadsheet may be stored as DOM elements. In some cases, the DOMelement for each spreadsheet cell also may include sub-elements thatspecify the cell style (e.g., font size, font style, color of cell,boundary of the cell), size and dimension the cell, and attributes ofthe values (e.g., whether the value is numerical, floating, text,formula, etc.) The use of DOM elements to represent a spreadsheet takesadvantage of the regularity of spreadsheet cells to implementalgorithmic encoding of large numbers of DOM element locations. Thecumulative lengths and widths of preceding cells in a worksheet are usedto calculate and designate a location corresponding to the upper leftcorner of each cell. In this way the spreadsheet renderer 300 can makelarge spreadsheet renderings viable in a user interface 114 (e.g., a webbrowser) that may have limited processing capacity via scalablevirtualization. By way of example, the spreadsheet renderer 300 maydetermine coordinates of a particular cell of a worksheet based onwidths and heights assigned to preceding cells. Since the spreadsheetmay be represented by DOM elements, the particular cell corresponds to aparticular DOM element. The preceding cells correspond to preceding DOMelements that precede the particular DOM elements. The DOM element eachmay have a default height and width. The spreadsheet renderer 300 maycheck for customized height and width values saved in the DOM elements.Based on the default values and the customized values of the precedingcells, the coordinate of a particular cell may be quickly determined.

The client device 110 may receive a dataset from the file server 120 andvisualize the dataset as a spreadsheet. In one embodiment, a clientdevice 110 receives a version of the dataset that includes valuescalculated by the file server 120 via the network 140. The dataset mayinclude values from more than one files saved in the file server 120.For example, values in a first column of a worksheet may be drawn from afirst file saved in the file server 120 while values in a second columnof the worksheet may be drawn from a second file saved in the fileserver 120. The decoding engine 310 receives the dataset in a formatthat is for the transmission. The decoding engine 310 decodes thedataset to another format for the spreadsheet renderer 300 to visualizethe spreadsheet. For example, for the transmission of the dataset, JSONformat or other similar formats such as XML may be used while for thevisualization of the spreadsheet, JavaScript objects may be used. Thedataset may include the values of the cells and also formatting datasuch as style and dimension information. The decoded dataset istransmitted to the spreadsheet renderer 300.

The spreadsheet renderer 300 may include the sheet style generator 312,the cell style generator 314, and the virtualization engine 316. Thesheet style generator 312 receives the decoded version of the dataset(such as in JavaScript objects). The sheet style generator 312configures certain aspects of the custom encoded objects that impartgreater control for the user and enhance overall performance of thebrowser deployment. The sheet style generator 312 may define additionalobjects in the DOM, such as objects related to style and format withrespect to a particular worksheet. The sheet style generator 312 alsomay batch DOM write operations to avoid layout thrashing. The sheetstyle generator 312 also may define the display of gridlines andcoordinates, as well as tabs for navigation among different worksheetsin the spreadsheet. The cell style generator 314 receives the decodeddataset that is defined with customized instructions for displaying cellinformation including formats. The cell style generator 314 generatesthe visual styles of the cells by including the style values in the DOMelements.

With the sheet and cell styles defined in the DOM elements, thevirtualization engine 316 may render the spreadsheet by identifying thelocation and sizing of each DOM element, which, in one embodiment, isequivalent to each spreadsheet cell. A particular virtualization of DOMto may be coded with respect to an entirety of the spreadsheet. Forexample, in visualizing a spreadsheet at the user interface 114, thevirtualization engine 316 may generate, responsive to receiving thedataset, associations among the values of the spreadsheet and aplurality of cells in the spreadsheet. Each value may be mapped to oneof the cells in a worksheet based on the DOM element 320. For example, aDOM element may be mapped to a cell in the worksheet. The value includedin the DOM element may in turn be associated with the cell.

The virtualization engine 316 may detect a display area of the userinterface 114. The virtualization engine 316 may identify a first subsetof the cells that are projected to be covered by the display area in thevisualized spreadsheet and a second subset of the cells that areprojected to be excluded by the display area. The second subset mayinclude cells that are not currently covered by the display area in theworksheet that is currently displayed and also may include cells inother worksheets that are currently not displayed. The virtualizationengine 316 may define coordinates of the cells in the spreadsheet andidentify the cells that are projected to be covered by the display areabased on the coordinates. The virtualization engine 316 may, in turn,cause the user interface 114 to display the values that are assigned tothe first subset of the cells based on the association. For example, thevirtualization engine 316 may transmit the DOM elements in the format ofJavaScript Objects with respect to the first subset of the cells to aweb browser. The web browser reads the DOM elements and displays thespreadsheet, the current worksheet, cells, and values in accordance withthe DOM elements. The virtualization engine 316 may maintain theassociation of the values that are assigned to the second subset of thecells even though the second subset of cells are not displayed at themoment.

In one embodiment, the coordinates of the cells in a worksheet may bestored in units of width of columns and heights of rows. The coordinatesof a cell may be calculated in runtime by the virtualization engine 316before the worksheet is rendered at the user interface 114. The dynamiccalculation of coordinates may help reducing the data transfer payloadfrom the file server 120 to the client device 110. By way of example, aworksheet may have widths of columns=[w₁, w₂, w₃, . . . , w_(n)] andheights of rows=[h₁, h₂, h₃, . . . , h_(n)]. Using a start index of 0,the coordinates of the top left corner of the cell at position cell(n,m) can be quickly determined at the time of rendering the worksheetby the following formula:X Coordinate=Σ_(i=0) ^(n−1)(Width of Columns[i])Y Coordinate=Σ_(i=0) ^(m−1)(Height of Columns[i])Width of Cell=Σ_(i=n) ^(n+nm)(Width of Columns[i])Height of Cell=Σ_(i=m) ^(m+my)(Height of Columns[i])In the equations above, mx is a number of merged cells in horizontaldirection and my is the number of merged cells in vertical direction. Achallenge for virtualizing a very large number of DOM elements is thatthe exact location and size of each DOM element may be difficult todetermine. The use of DOM elements to represent spreadsheet takesadvantages of the regularity of the cells of the spreadsheet thatenables the application 112 and the user interface 114 to quicklycalculate the coordinate of a cell using, for example, the equationsabove. The coordinates of the cells may be dynamically generated and thegenerated coordinates may be stored.

The virtualization of DOM elements employed is scalable, meaning it canavoid display lag, or browser crashing, in rendering a spreadsheet nomatter how large the spreadsheet is in rows, columns, and/or worksheets(stack) within a workbook and across workbooks. That is, unlikeconventional spreadsheets, the disclosed configuration withvirtualization of DOM elements allows for referencing across workbooksrather than only worksheets within one workbook.

In one embodiment, the virtualization process continually re-specifiesthe active DOM portion of the spreadsheet to include the display areacurrently viewable by the browser, rather than the entire landscape ofthe spreadsheet. For example, the virtualization engine 316 may receive,via the user interface 114, a user action to move the display area to anew display area. The virtualization engine 316 may identify at leastsome of the cells in the second subset that are projected to be coveredby the new display area. The virtualization engine 316, in turn, causesthe user interface 114 to display, based on the associations maintained,the values that are assigned to those cells in the second subset thatare covered by the new display area by transmitting the DOM elementscorresponding to those cells to the user interface 114. Hence, thevirtualization engine 316 may dynamically calculate the position anddimension of every cell from the dataset transmitted from the fileserver 120. By calculating positions from the data received, the userinterface 114 can be made to look like an actual spreadsheet while thevirtualization engine 316 can decide which cells are currently in theviewport depending upon how far the user has scrolled. In oneembodiment, by rendering only the cells in the display area, performanceof the browser is independent of the total number of cells that might bein the spreadsheet.

The virtualization engine 316 may include other additional oralternative features in visualizing a spreadsheet. For example, thevirtualization engine 316 may enable scrolling among cells in a browserthat simulates the direction keys typically used in native spreadsheets.Also, the virtualization engine 316 may solve for navigation aroundmerged and hidden cells, which may complicate the location algorithms tosimulate a native spreadsheet.

The sheet style generator 312, cell style generator 314, and thevirtualization engine 316 may work together to overcome certainlimitations in virtualization. For example, the use of DOM elementstakes advantage of certain structural features of spreadsheets. DOMelements can be the logical elements in a web page that may interactwith a user. However, for a large number of DOM elements, a user'saction may require the refresh of the DOM elements and therecalculations could impede the performance of the user interface 114.In one embodiment, the virtualization engine 316 pre-maps all the DOMelements but only causes the user interface 114 to display a subset ofvalues in the spreadsheet as the user navigates the spreadsheet in thebrowser window. Hence, performance is enhanced because the userinterface 114 may call a small portion of the entire dataset of thespreadsheet.

The I/O handler 322 may collect and execute user actions on thespreadsheet that are input via the user interface 114. The application112 may use a batch send feature in communicating the user actions tothe file server 120. For example, the user interface 114 may includeaction buttons such as “Calculate,” “Download,” “Save Scenario,” and“Reset.” These control tools enable users to batch send actions. The I/Ohandler 322 receives a plurality of inputs from a user for editing thespreadsheet. The I/O handler 322 may collect and store the plurality ofinputs over time as a batch. The I/O handler 322 may transmit the batchto the file server 120 for performing calculation associated with thespreadsheet file instance that is used by the user. The transmission ofthe batch may occur after a predetermined amount of time since lastpatch was sent, after the I/O handler 322 collecting a predeterminednumber of inputs, or after the user clicking a button at the userinterface 114 or sending a request to submit the inputs to the fileserver 120 for calculation. By batching changes and edits, the filemanagement system can run a spreadsheet recalculation withoutperformance degradation. For example, the user interface 114, which maynot handle the calculation, does not need to refresh the data every timethe user makes a change to the spreadsheet. The file server 120, whichmay have a significantly more processing power than a client device 110,may wait for the entire batch of changes to perform the calculation.This treatment also may enable the system to maintain the file server120 in a stateless condition (although the file instances in a file poolmay be referenced to a zero-state condition).

To further improve the performance of the spreadsheet, the system mayallow asymmetrical transmissions of data between a client device 110 andthe file server 120. In various embodiments, the batch transmitted tothe file server 120 may include only the edited values of thespreadsheet while the data transmitted back to the client device 110 mayinclude the entire set of the data in the spreadsheet. For example, inone embodiment, the original data of the spreadsheet correspond to afirst dataset. The batch transmitted to the file server 120 may includethe edited values of the first dataset, but may exclude values that areunchanged. The file server 120 perform calculations associated with theedited values of the spreadsheet to generate a second dataset thatrepresents the values in the updated spreadsheet. The second datasetincludes updated values and unchanged values that are unchanged from thefirst dataset. The file server 120 may transmit the second dataset(e.g., the entire second dataset) that includes both the updated valuesand the unchanged values to the application 112. The application 112 mayvisualize only a portion of the second dataset that corresponds to thecurrent view of the spreadsheet but may maintain the associations ofother non-displayed values to cells so that the application 112 is readyto cause the display of any values in the spreadsheet.

The activity aggregator 326 may collect usage data related to acollaborator on editing or other activities of a file instance of thespreadsheet. The activity aggregator 326 may transmit the collected datato the reporting engine 256 of the file server 120 to provide a degreeof surveillance for the owner of the spreadsheet. This feature allowsthe owner of a spreadsheet in various embodiments to exercise bettercontrol and permission on the content and confidentiality of thespreadsheet compared to users using conventional native desktopspreadsheets or cloud spreadsheets. The reporting engine 256 maygenerate a report summarizing or detailing various activities ofdifferent collaborators based on the data transmitted from theactivities aggregator 326 and/or the calculation engine 258. The usagedata collected by the activity aggregator 326 may include data specifiedto a particular cell or a particular calculation. This enables the ownerto review the exact usage by collaborators with respect to any action,cell, and calculation.

The various engines and components shown in FIG. 3 may be software thatincludes instructions, when executed by hardware components such as oneor more processors, to perform the functionality.

Example Encoding and Decoding of Data

The rendering and processing data of a spreadsheet, various componentsof the client device 110 and the file server 120 may handle the datausing different formats. In various embodiments, the encoding engine 260and the decoding engine 254 of the file server 120 and the encodingengine 324 and the decoding engine 310 of the application 112 mayconvert data of the spreadsheet from one version to another fordifferent purposes. For example, the format of the DOM elements for thedataset used to visualize the spreadsheet may be different from theformat of the DOM elements used for transmission through the network140. The format used for the calculation engine 258 also may bedifferent.

The encoding engine 260 and the encoding engine 324 may use algorithmicencoding to compress delivery of data between the client device 110 andthe file server 120. The encoding engine 260 and the encoding engine 324may provide for translation between spreadsheet language and browserlanguage used in the user interface 114. The encoding engine 260 and theencoding engine 324 also may facilitate the tailoring of information andprotection of data specified by the owner of a spreadsheet modelinstance 250 (e.g., the original uploader of a spreadsheet that is usedto create the pool of spreadsheet file instances 270).

With respect to compression of data, the encoding engine 260 or theencoding engine 324, in encoding a dataset of a spreadsheet, mayrecognize repeating patterns of information and reduce the transmittalof that information to reduces the number of packets required fortransmission. For example, an example string of 8 repeated characters(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1) could be reduced to 2 characters (1, 8). Thetransmittal of just 2 characters rather than 8 significantly reduces thepayload, making the delivery of the high capacity spreadsheetinformation practically even when the user interface 114, such as a webbrowser, has lower capacity. The encoding engine 260 or the encodingengine 324 may tailor the compression to specific application andtransmittal of spreadsheet-related information patterns.

The encoding and decoding also may facilitate translation betweenspreadsheet language and browser language used in the user interface114. Encoding allows the system to map and translate certain aspects ofthe code found in a spreadsheet to the code used in the browser. Thesemay include the mappings between format options available in thespreadsheet application and the format options available in the browserapplication that are usually not consistent. In one embodiment, theformat used in transmission of the data packet may be in the JSONformat, the format used in rendering of the visualization in a webbrowser may be in the JavaScript object format, and the format used incalculation by the calculation engine 258 may yet in another format,such as a spreadsheet format.

Encoding allows the owner of the spreadsheet to protect the contents andintellectual properties (IP) in the spreadsheet that are normally notprotectable using a conventional desktop spreadsheet file. The encodingengine 260 may convert the protected contents to converted contents(e.g., information in formats or values different from the originalprotected contents) before the dataset carrying the values of thespreadsheet is transmitted over the network 140 to a client device 110so that the protected contents are not transmitted to the client device.In one case, the conversion may include changing the substantive valuesin the protected contents (e.g., by changing a formula to a value). Inanother case, the conversion may not include a substantive change in thevalues of the protected contents. Instead, the format of the cell ischanged. For example, a protected cell may be changed from editable tolocked.

The content protection of a spreadsheet may be enforced based on one ormore rules. By way of example, the file server 120 may enforce one ormore rules that may apply generally to any cells of a spreadsheet orthat may be specific to a particular cell or a group of cells in thespreadsheet. The file server 120 may encode the dataset based on rulesimposing one or more restrictions on one or more cells of thespreadsheet. The rules may include a general rule of the file server 120and another customized rule that is specified by an owner of the file. Arule may specify that at least one formula or code associated with oneor more cells that are restricted by the rule is hidden fromcollaborators. Another rule may specify that certain cells are editablewhile other cells are locked. Other suitable rules of various contentprotection and regulation also may be possible. By contrast, in aconventional desktop spreadsheet, information such as formulas and codeare often available to the users who have access to the file, even ifthat information is apparently hidden. Encoding at the encoding engine260 by converting protected contents (e.g., formulas, code, rules,values identified by one or more rules) to another format enhances theintellectual property and content protection of the spreadsheet because,unlike a conventional desktop spreadsheet whose confidential informationis saved with the file, in some embodiments, the protected contents arenot transmitted to the client device 110.

In one embodiment, the file server 120 may allow custom encoding that isspecified by a user, such as an owner of a spreadsheet. For example, thefile server 120 may receive one or more rules from the owner. The customencoding may enhance and tailor the functionality of the spreadsheet. Auser (the owner or a collaborator who has been authorized) may specifyrules for usage of the spreadsheet file in the user interface 114. Therule may be cell-specific (e.g., hidden cells, locked cells, conditionalstatus of cells, and others). In addition to, or alterative to, ageneral rule of the file server 120 that may apply to various files, acustomized rule allows owners to impose specific rules on their ownfiles. For example, in one case, the file server 120 may receive, fromthe owner, a rule specifying that all formulas in a spreadsheet areprotected contents. The converted contents in this case may includevalues that are calculated from the formulas so that the formulas arehidden from collaborators when viewed at a user interface 114. Inanother case, the protected contents may be certain formulas specific tocertain cells instead of all formulas. Similarly, a rule also mayspecify that the protected contents be any background code of aspreadsheet. Custom encoding allows the owner to tailor visibility ofcontents to users in a way that may not possible using a conventionaldesktop spreadsheet.

The rules also may be specific to a certain collaborator or beapplicable to all collaborators. For a particular spreadsheet fileinstance, the user interface 114 may receive a user input change. TheI/O handler 322 may create data objects (e.g., JavaScript objects)reflecting the actions by the user. The I/O handler 322 may forwardthese data Objects to the encoding engine 324. The encoding engine 324may convert these data objects to another format (e.g., JSON) to allowthe information to be transmitted efficiently across the network 140.The encoding at encoding engine 324 also may include specification oftypes of data (numeric, string, location) that are applicable toparticular inputs and that may be required for the proper functioning ofthe calculation engine 258. The datasets transmitted from the clientdevice 110 may be received by external API engine 210. The datasets maybe checked against previously cached scenarios at caching tool 220, bevetted for user permissions and security at the user management securityengine 212, and subsequently be routed to the proper model instance 250by the service discovery engine 230.

The content protection may be cell-specific. For example, in aspreadsheet file instance that is saved in the file server 120, thespreadsheet file instance may include a first cell that is associatedwith protected contents and include a second cell that is associatedwith unprotected contents. Unprotected contents may be contents that arenot subject to any content protection rules. On the file server 120side, the protected contents and the unprotected contents both may beany values, formulas, codes, objects, charts, or other suitablecontents. Before the dataset representing the spreadsheet file instanceis transmitted via the network 140 to a client device 110, the fileserver 120 may encode the contents in the spreadsheet file instance. Inencoding the protected contents, the file server 120 may convert theprotected contents into converted contents so that the protectedcontents are not transmitted to the client device 110. In encoding theunprotected contents, the file server 120 may simply put the unprotectedcontents in a format that is efficient for network transmission. Theclient device 110 can decode the dataset to re-generate the unprotectedcontents but not the protected contents. As a result, the spreadsheetvisualized at user interface 114 may display the converted contents atthe first cell and the unprotected contents at the second cell.

When a dataset is transmitted to a file management system 125 at thefile server 120, the datasets are decoded at the decoding engine 254.For example, the decoding engine 254 may receive a dataset in a firstformat (e.g., JSON) transmitted over the network 140. The decodingengine 254 may translate the dataset into a second format (e.g., in Javaobjects). The data values, such as those in Java objects, may be sent tothe calculation engine 258 to be applied to one of the spreadsheet fileinstances in the pool 270. The data values may include integers,strings, and coordinates specifying the input cells. The calculationengine 258 performs calculations and processing of the values in thespreadsheet. The calculation engine 258 also may check one or more rulesassociated with the spreadsheet to determine whether the edits in thedataset transmitted from a client device may contradict any of therules. For example, a rule may restrict the change to a particular cell.Any edit in an attempt to change the cell may be rejected by thecalculation engine 258.

The encoding engine 260 perform various encoding operations to thedataset generated by the calculations of the calculation engine 258.Several types of encoding operations may be performed by the encodingengine 260. First, the encoding engine 260 may convert the format usedin calculations (e.g., Java objects) to a format used in efficient datatransmission across the network 140 (e.g., JSON). Second, the encodingengine 260 also may apply certain compression algorithms related to thedata, particularly to the values of the spreadsheet. By way of example,the cells in the spreadsheet are checked for formatting data. Theformatting data can include parameters such as color, border status,size, font type, etc. In compressing the dataset, if a cell to the leftof a first cell contains same formatting information to the first cell,the duplication is recorded rather than repeating the formatting dataagain for each cell. In one embodiment, if a group of cells has similarformats, the formatting is transmitted for the one of the cells in thegroup only and the remaining cells in the group are marked as having theformats.

Third, the encoding engine 260 may apply rules for mediatinginconsistencies between a spreadsheet environment and the user interface114 such as a browser environment. For example, a typical spreadsheetmay have more options for formatting of borders than browsers have. Inorder to render spreadsheets effectively in a browser environment, theencoding engine 260 may apply rules specified by the owner in caseswhere an exact formatting match is not available between the spreadsheetlanguage and the browser language.

Fourth, the encoding engine 260 applies one or more rules (e.g., contentprotection or restriction rules) to encode the dataset before thedataset is transmitted to a client device 110. Based on the rules, theencoding engine 260 may display partial or total information related tothe output from the calculation engine 258, thereby facilitating greatercustomization of the user interface. The encoding engine 260 convertprotected contents of at least one cell to converted contents. Forexample, if a rule specifies that a column or a cell is hidden, thevalues associated with those cells are removed. In another case, if arule specifies that the formula associated with a cell should be hidden,the encoding engine 260 may convert the protected contents (e.g., theformula in this case) to converted contents (e.g., the actual value) andtransmit only the converted contents to the client device 110. Hence,the user of the client device 110 will not have access to the formulaand content protection is achieved. Other types of content conversionbased on the rules specified by the owner of the spreadsheet can beperformed. The file server 120 transmit the encoded dataset to theapplication 112. If a rule is applied, one or more values in the datasettransmitted may be generated in accordance with the rule. For example,the formula associated with a cell may be stored at the server 120 andthe data value generated by the formula may be transmitted to theapplication 112 without including the formula.

Example Automatic Model Update

The file server 120 may include a model update engine 280 that allowsthe file server 120 to update a destination file from a source filebased on mappings and checksums between the source and destinationfiles. As additional source files are received, the file server 120 mayautomatically further update the destination file to reflect the addedor changed data in various source files. In this manner, the owner of afile can establish a configuration that facilitates updates betweenmultiple files by multiple users using the user interfaces 114 such asweb browsers. The source files and the destination file can be of anysuitable formats. For example, either or both the source file and thedestination file can be spreadsheets.

By way of example, the file server 120 may receive a mapping file thatdesignates the mapping between the fields (such as cells in spreadsheet)of the source file and the destination file. The file server 120 maystore the mapping file. The mapping file may be uploaded by a user ormay be created using the user interface 114 in a graphical userinterface 400 that will be discussed in further detail with reference toFIG. 4 . The destination file may include multiple fields and datavalues in different fields. A source file also may include multiplefields and data values. The mapping file may link a particular field inthe destination file to a particular field in the source file. The fileserver 120, after receiving a new source field, identifies any fieldsthat are specified in the mapping file and use the data values in thosefields to update the destination files. The update may include replacingthe old value in the destination file with the value in the source file.The update also may be adding new values to the destination file. Forexample, in one case, the destination file may be a financial statementof a company over multiple quarters that are saved in a spreadsheet. Thesource file may be the new data for the financial data of a recentquarter. The update may add a column to the destination file to includethe new data. The newly added cells may displace the original cellsbased on a direction specified by the user in the mapping file. Forexample, the new column may be added to the first (e.g., leftmost)column and the existing data in the destination file is displaced to onecolumn right. In another case, the new column may be added to the lastcolumn and no existing data is displaced. Other suitable ways andcell-specific updates may be possible.

Example User Interface and Interaction Medium

FIG. 4 illustrates an example graphical user interface (GUI) 400 thatmay be an example of the user interface 114 and may be part of theapplication 112, in accordance with an embodiment. In one case, the GUI400 may be run as an application in a web browser. In other cases, theGUI 400 may be the GUI of a software application installed on the clientdevice 110. The GUI 400 includes a left panel 410, a central panel 420,and a right panel 430. Note that the panels 410, 420, and 430 also maybe referred to as first, second, and third panels and may be able to berearranged relative to each other. The panels 410, 420, and 430 maydivide the GUI 400 into other suitable divisions. The left panel 410 maydisplay a source file 412, which, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 ,may be a spreadsheet that includes a plurality of cells. There may bemore than one panel 410 to display multiple source files that are mappedto a destination file. The central panel 420 may display a work stationfor a user to construct a mapping file 422, which is currently displayedin the central panel 420. The right panel 430 may display a destinationfile 432, which, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , may be anotherspreadsheet that also includes a plurality of cells. Each spreadsheet412 or 432 may include more than one worksheets that are represented indifferent tabs. For example, the source file 412 currently displays thetab “SA” and the destination file 432 currently displays the tab “DA.”

A row (or any suitable set of cells in a direction) in the mapping file422 may represent a mapping entry. A mapping entry connects cells of thesource file 412 to cells of the destination file 432 so that the fileserver 120 may automatically update the destination file 432 accordingto the mapping entries in the mapping file 422. A mapping entry mayinclude different information, such as “field name,” “name location,”“value location,” “expected vector” of the source file 412 and “fieldname,” “name location,” “value location” of the destination file 432.After the mapping entries are created, the file server 120 mayautomatically import data from the source file 412 to the destinationfile 432 to the correct locations in the destination file. For example,if a mapping entry connects cell B2 of the source file 412 to the cellA3 of the destination file 432, the file server 120 can updateinformation related to the cell A3 of the destination file 432 when asource file 412 is received. In using the central panel 420, a user maymanually type in each information to create a mapping entry. The GUI 400also has interface features that allow users to quickly create a mappingentry.

FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5C illustrate an example process in creating amapping entry in the mapping file 422, in accordance with an embodiment.The GUI 400 allows a user to copy a cell from the source file 412 or thedestination file 432 to the mapping file 422. The GUI 400 willautomatically detect the values need to be pasted to the mapping file422 and paste the values to a mapping entry. The type of values pastedto a mapping entry may depend on the type of information. For example,in FIG. 5A, a user may copy (e.g., by using right click to select copyor by using a shortcut such as CTRL+c) the cell A2 of the source file412, as illustrated by the box 510. The cell A2 has the value “Account.”In FIG. 5B, the user may paste the value to “field name” of the mappingfile 422 in creating a mapping entry. In response, the GUI 400automatically create two entries. First, the GUI 400 copies the value“Account” of cell A2 of the source file 412 to the “field name” of themapping file 422, as indicated by the box 520. Second, the GUI 400creates a coordinate “SA, A2” at the “name location” of the mapping file422, as indicated by the box 530. “SA, A2” indicates that the cell beingcopied is from the worksheet with the identifier “SA” at the cell “A2”of the source file 412. In FIG. 5C, the user continues to copy valuesfrom the source file 412 to the mapping file 422. For the step shown inFIG. 5C, as indicated by the box 540, the user copies the cell B2, whichhas the value “140.” The user performs a paste operation at “valuelocation” of the mapping file 422, as indicated by the box 550. The GUI400, instead of pasting the actual value “140,” generates a coordinate“SA, B2” of the cell that is copied. “SA, B2” indicates that the cellbeing copied is from the worksheet with the identifier “SA” and at thecell “B2” of the source file 412.

In other words, the mapping file 422 has different types of cells. Eachtype stores different kinds of information. For example, cells such as“field name” stores actual values. Cells such as “name location” and“value location” store cell coordinates of the source file 412 or thedestination file 432. Cells such as “expected vector” store yet anothertype of information that will be discussed below. The GUI 400 determinesthe type of cell that is being inputted and automatically generatesvalues based on the type of cell. For cells that store values, the GUI400 may generate the actual value that is copied. For cells that storecoordinates, the GUI 400 may generate the coordinate valuesautomatically based on the coordinate of the cell being copied in thesource file 412 or the destination file 432.

A user may continue the process of creating a mapping entry to completethe entry. In some cases, not all information of a mapping entry needsto be filled out. FIG. 5D shows an example mapping entry. The “expectedvector” cells may include a drop-down menu for a selection of directionor replacement of data. Note that the destination file's “field name”may not always need to match the source file's “field name.” The mappingcan be created and customized by a user. After one or more mappingentries are created, the file server 120 may import the values from asource file 412 to the destination file 432 in accordance with themapping in a manner that will be discussed with reference to FIGS. 6Aand 6B. When additional source files 412 are received by the file server120, the file server 120 may automatically update the destination file432 based on the mapping file 422 already created. Users also may adjustthe mapping file 422 when a new source file 412 is received.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are conceptual diagrams illustrating update processes ofthe destination file 432 based on the mapping entries in the mappingfile 422, in accordance with an embodiment. The user may specify how anupdate is added to the destination file 432 using the “expected vector”feature, which allows the user to specify the type of action used toupdate the destination file 432, such as the direction of a new value tobe added. For example, in FIG. 6A, an example mapping entry 610 isshown. The mapping entry 610 maps the value location B2 of the sourcefile 412 to the value location B3 of the destination file 432. Theexpected vector 612 is set by the user as the right direction. Inupdating the destination file 432, the file server 120 may identify thecell location B3 in the destination file 432 and may add the value ofthe cell location B2 in the source file 412 according to the directionspecified by the vector 612. Since the vector 612 is set at the rightdirection, the value “140” from cell B2 of the source file 412 is addedto cell C2 of the destination file 432 (cell C2 is right of cell B2). Inanother example mapping entry 620 shown in FIG. 6B, the values in themapping entry 620 are the same as those in the mapping entry 610 exceptthat the vector 622 is set at the left direction. In updating thedestination file 432, the file server 120 add the value “140” from cellB2 of the source file 412 is added to cell B3 of the destination file432 and the original B column of the destination file 432 is shiftedright.

The directions available for selection for the “expected value” mayinclude up, down, left, right, and no direction. The value added to thedestination file 432 will be added to a cell based on the directionspecified in the “expected value.” In the case of no direction, the fileserver 120 may replace the original value in the cell of the destinationfile 432. For example, the value “118” at the cell B3 of the destinationfile 432 may be replaced by the value “140.” Using the expected vectorfeature and one or more mapping entries, the destination file 432 may beautomatically updated. For example, in the case of a financial statementas the destination file 432, the source file 412 may be an update of thefinancial data in a recent quarter. The file server 120 may create a newcolumn to store the new quarterly data using the expected value andmapping features.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram of the GUI 400 to illustrate otherexample features of the GUI 400, in accordance with an embodiment. TheGUI 400 may include one or more control elements (e.g., buttons) forperforming different operations associated with creating a mapping file422. Not all GUI 400 in various embodiments need to include any or allof the control elements shown in FIG. 7 . The control element 705 allowsa user to save the mapping file 422. The control element 710 allowsusers to select a previous mapping. For example, after selecting aprevious mapping, one or more previously stored mapping entries maypopulate in the panel 420. The control element 715 allows users toselect an action related to a mapping entry. The action may be delete,move, copy, or another suitable action. The control element 720 is anexample type of “batch send” action that allows the client device 110 toupload the edited data to the file server to perform calculation. Afterthe “calculate” button is selected, a previous of the updateddestination file 432 that has data from the source file 412 merged withthe existing data will be displayed and/or available for download.

The control elements 730 and 735 also may one or more actions related toan “expected vector” to show the effect of the data shifting or movementwhen the vector is applied. FIG. 7 shows the effect of the selection ofthe control element 740. When the “show mapping” button is selected, theuser may select a mapping entry 746 in the central panel 420. In turn,the GUI 400 will highlight the cells that are linked in the mappingentries in the panels 410 and 430. For example, cells A2 and B2 of thesource file 412 are highlighted, as shown by the boxes 742 and 744. Thecell A3 of the destination file 432 is also highlighted, as shown by thebox 748. The control elements 745 and 750 allow users to upload anddownload the mapping file 422 in a suitable format. For example, themapping file 422 may be downloaded to a format such as Excel, CSV, pdf,etc. A user may edit the mapping file 422 locally and upload the fileback to the GUI 400. The left arrow and right arrow buttons 755 and 760allow the movement of the panels 410, 420 and 430 within the GUI 400.For example, the click of the left arrow 755 may shift the panels 410,420 and 430 to the left, thereby displaying a larger portion of theright panel 430. Conversely, the click of the right arrow 760 may shiftthe panels 410, 420 and 430 to the right, thereby displaying a largerportion of the left panel 410.

The control element 725 allows users to create a customized checksum.The checksum associated with the GUI 400 may be a customized aggregationof different data field in a file. The checksum feature may be performedby the GUI 400 or the file server 120. For ease of reference, GUI 400 isused in the discussion. FIG. 8 illustrates an example use of thechecksum feature. In some cases, a cell in a spreadsheet is anaggregated value of other cells. For example, the cell B4 of the sourcefile 412 is the total for the cell values of the cells B1, B2, and B3.The GUI 400 may receive a designation of a cell as the aggregated celland a designation of multiple component cells that should be aggregatedto generate the value of aggregated cell. The GUI 400 also may receive aformula in aggregating the component cells. In the example shown in FIG.8 , the formula is a simple sum (e.g., B1+B2+B3=B4), but the formula mayinclude other more complicated mathematical computations. The GUI 400updates the destination file 432 based on the mapping entries and thevectors that specify the update directions. The GUI 400 may transfer thevalue of the aggregated cell from the source file 412 to thecorresponding aggregated cell in the destination file 432. The GUI 400also may transfer the values of the component cells from the source file412 to the corresponding component cells in the destination file 432.The GUI 400 may calculate the aggregation of the component cells in thedestination file 432 according to the formula to determine a determinedaggregated value (e.g., 80+70+40=190). The GUI 400 may compare thedetermined aggregated value to the value stored in the aggregated cellin the destination file 432 to determine whether the two values match.The checksum feature may be used to verify whether the mapping entriesin the mapping file 422 are created correctly. For example, if the cellB3 in the destination file 432 is incorrectly mapped to the “unrelatedfield” whose value is stored at cell B5 of the source file 412, theupdated destination file 432 will have a value of “100,” instead of “40”at the cell C3. The determined aggregated value will become80+70+100=250, which will not match the value “190” at the aggregatedvalue C4. The GUI 400 may identify mapping entries that may contradictthe checksum results for users to correct the mapping entries.

The GUI 400 working with the file server 120 may include any featuresthat are discussed in other figures. For example, the GUI 400 also mayhave the content restriction and protection features that limit acollaborator's permission to edit or view one or more cells. Based onthe content protection, the files shown in both left and right panels410 and 430 may be editable while some specific locations in those filesmay be restricted. Also, the values in the source file 412 and thedestination file 432 may be encoded as DOM elements for easyvirtualization and display at GUI 400.

Example Processes

FIG. 9 is a flowchart depicting an example process 900 that may beperformed by the file server 120, in accordance with an embodiment. Thefile server 120 may receive 910 a dataset that includes updates and/oredits of a spreadsheet transmitted from a client device 110. The fileserver 120 may decode 920 the dataset to generate a version of thedataset used for calculation. The file server 120 may identify 930 aspreadsheet file instance that is currently associated with the user.The file server 120 may perform 940 calculations for the spreadsheetfile instance to generate a dataset that includes values in thespreadsheet file instance. The calculations may include any suitablecalculation of values discussed in FIGS. 2 and 3 and updates of valuesdiscussed in FIG. 4 . In performing the calculation, the file server 120may check for any restriction associated with one or more cells that areimposed on the user. The file server 120 may encode 950 the dataset fortransmission via the network 140 to the client device 110. In encodingthe dataset, the file server 120 may check for one or more rules thatrestrict the contents of the spreadsheet. Some cells are not subject toany rules that restrict the contents. The contents of those cells may beunprotected contents. On the other hand, protected contents of one ormore cells may be converted from one format to another. For example, ifthe formula associated with a cell is protected, the formula may beconverted to value so that the user is not able to see the formula.Protected contents are usually not transmitted to a client device unlessa rule specifies otherwise. In one case, the encoded dataset fortransmission may include converted contents and unprotected contents. Inanother case, the encoded dataset for transmission may include onlyunprotected contents because a particular spreadsheet file instance doesnot include any rule restriction. In yet another case, the encodeddataset for transmission may include only converted contents because aparticular spreadsheet file instance is subject to a global rule thatrestricts all cells in the spreadsheet. Other situations are alsopossible.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart depicting an example process 1000 that may beperformed by a client device 110, in accordance with an embodiment. Theclient device 110 may include an application 112 and a user interface114. The steps in the process 1000 may be performed by the application112, the user interface 114, and/or other components of the clientdevice 110. The client device 110 may receive 1010 a version of adataset that is transmitted from the file server 120. The dataset mayinclude values of a spreadsheet file instance. The values may begenerated by calculations performed by the file server 120 for thespreadsheet file instance. The dataset may be in a version that isefficient for transmission over the network 140. The client device 110may decode 1020 the dataset to generate another version of the dataset.The decoded dataset may include the unprotected contents and theconverted contents. The dataset may include one or more DOM elements.The client device 110 may generate 1030 associations among the values inthe spreadsheet and a plurality of cells in the spreadsheet. Forexample, each value may be associated with one of the cells. The clientdevice 110 may detect 1040 a display area of the user interface 114. Theclient device 110 may identify 1050 a first subset of the cells that areprojected to be covered by the display area and a second subset of thecells that are projected to be excluded by the display area. The clientdevice may visualize 1060 the spreadsheet at the user interface 114. Thevisualized spreadsheet displays at least a subset of the values. Thesubset of values may be values that are assigned to the first subset ofthe cells based on the associations. A cell in the visualizedspreadsheet may the converted contents instead of the protected contentsbecause the protected contents are normally not transmitted. The clientdevice also may maintain 1070 the associations of the values that areassigned to the second subset of the cells.

Example Standard Dashboard

In some embodiments, the file server 120 may store various spreadsheetsthat are created by different sources. In some cases, those spreadsheetsmay have different looks and feel because the spreadsheets wereoriginally generated by different creators. Those spreadsheets maydescribe similar models but have different arrangements of data. Forexample, FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B are conceptual diagrams illustrating twospreadsheets that have different looks, feels, and arrangements of data.The file server 120 stores a first spreadsheet having a firstarrangement of data as shown in FIG. 11A. The first spreadsheet maycorrespond to a first model that has a first look and feel. A model maybe a collection of rules that are used to analyze certain data. Forexample, a model may be a financial model that evaluates the value of anasset class. This is merely a non-limiting example of what a model is.In another case, a model may be a scientific model that simulates acertain environment. In a third case, a model may be an engineeringmodel that attempts to optimize a set of conditions. The firstspreadsheet includes a plurality of cells that may include the name of afield, a value for the field, and a formula that can be used todetermine a value automatically.

FIG. 11B illustrates a second spreadsheet that is stored by the fileserver 120. The second spreadsheet has a second arrangement of data thatis different from the first arrangement of data. The second spreadsheetmay correspond to a second model that has a second look and feel. Thesecond model may be another collection of rules that are used to analyzeanother set of data. In some embodiments, the first model in the firstspreadsheet and the second model in the second spreadsheet may largelybe used to model similar things. However, how the data are arranged andpresented may be completely different between the two spreadsheets,potentially because the two spreadsheets are generated by two differentcreators. For example, a specific input “return rate” (an arbitraryexample, not shown in figures) may be located in cell A2 of the firstspreadsheet but the same type of input “return rate” may be located incell C5 of the second spreadsheet.

The first spreadsheet may be uploaded by a first user to the file server120 (e.g., a cloud server). The file server 120 stores the firstspreadsheet. The second spreadsheet may be uploaded by a second user tothe cloud server to store the second spreadsheet. The first and secondspreadsheets may be accessible by a group of users that have an accessprivilege. For example, the group of users may be a corporate team thatmay access spreadsheets created by different team members.

FIG. 11C is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example graphical userinterface (GUI) for a user to create and manage a mapping file thatassociates cells in a standard dashboard and one or more spreadsheets,in accordance with some embodiments. The file server 130 may store astandard dashboard that stores a first mapping to the first spreadsheetand a second mapping to the second spreadsheet. The standard dashboardis a third spreadsheet that may associate a set of dashboard cells inthe standard dashboard to a first set of cells in the first spreadsheetaccording to the first mapping. The standard dashboard may associate thesame set of dashboard cells in the standard dashboard to a second set ofcells in the second spreadsheet according to the second mapping. For thepurpose of quick reference, a cell in the standard dashboard may bereferred to as a dashboard cell. FIG. 11C shows a first mapping filethat includes one or more cell-to-cell mappings. Each cell-to-cellmapping associates a cell in the first spreadsheet to a dashboard cellin the standard dashboard. For example, the mapping may include the celllocation in the standard dashboard and the cell location in the sourcecell. The mapping may also take the form of a formula. The formulaautomatically readjusts the cell in the mapping in the first spreadsheetin response to edit to the first spreadsheet. For example, if themapping is defined by a formula, and a column is inserted in the firstspreadsheet, the formula automatically locates the new source cell. Thesame type of adjustment may be used for the standard dashboard.

FIG. 11D is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example standarddashboard, in accordance with some embodiments. The standard dashboardis associated with a specific look and feel. The standard dashboard maybe a templatization of spreadsheet models with a standardized set ofinputs inserted. Values in the standard dashboard are filled based onwhether the first spreadsheet or the second spreadsheet is selected. Forexample, the standard dashboard is associated with a standard format anda predefined arrangement of data. If the first spreadsheet is selectedto generate the standard dashboard, the file server 120 will populatethe cells in the standard dashboard based on the values in the firstspreadsheet according to the mapping file. If the second spreadsheet isselected to generate the standard dashboard, the file server 120 willpopulate the dashboard cells based on the values in the secondspreadsheet according to a second mapping file. As such, models thatdifferent looks, feels, and arrangements of data can be standardizedusing the mapping and the standard dashboard features. The mapping maybe created and edited via a client portal by a user, as shown in FIG.11C. Additional mappings for more spreadsheets may be added to thestandard dashboard.

FIG. 11E is a conceptual diagram illustrating the functionality of thefile server to provide sets of predetermined values to increase thespeed of operation of the spreadsheet and adjustment, in accordance withan embodiment. The standard dashboard may be associated with a pluralityof scenarios. Each scenario is a set of predetermined values for one ormore dashboard cells. For example, a scenario may include rules that arerelated to a number of cells. The scenario includes predetermined valuesfor those cells. A different scenario includes a different set ofpredetermined values for those cells. A user may use the GUI to switchbetween scenarios. Upon receiving a selection of a scenario, the fileserver 120 automatically populates the predetermined values to the cellsspecified in the scenario's rules. Hence, the operation of the GUI isstreamlined and the user can quickly switch between different sets ofdata.

FIG. 11F is a conceptual diagram illustrating a GUI of the file server120 that displays an analytical report that can be generated based onvarious spreadsheets with different arrangements of data, in accordancewith some embodiments. The analytical report may be a templatization ofspreadsheet models with a standardized set of outputs added. The fileserver 120 supports a standard analytical report to be generated fromdifferent spreadsheets that have different arrangements of data. Assuch, users from different portals may review a standard report eventhough the underlying spreadsheets may be different arrangements ofdata. In one embodiment, the file server 120 causes a first analyticalreport to be displayed at a first client portal in response to a firstuser selecting, at the first client portal, to generate the firstanalytical report. An example of the first analytical report is shown inFIG. 11F. The first analytical report is generated based on a commonanalytical report template that includes a metric calculated based onone or more cells in the set of dashboard cells. The metric may be anaggregated data that is calculated from a formula in the template basedon values in the first spreadsheet. The first analytical report includesa first value of the metric calculated based on one or more cells in thefirst set of cells of the first spreadsheet that are mapped to the setof dashboard cells.

The file server 120 can also cause a second analytical report to bedisplayed at a second client portal in response to a second userselecting to generate, at the second client portal, to generate thesecond analytical report. The second analytical report can be generatedalso based on the same common analytical report template. The secondanalytical report has the format, fields, and metrics as the firstanalytical report. For example, FIG. 11F may also represent the secondanalytical report. The second analytical report includes a second valueof the same metric calculated based on one or more cells in the secondset of cells of the second spreadsheet that are mapped to the set ofdashboard cells. Hence, even though the first and second spreadsheetshave different arrangements of data, the same metric can be calculatedthrough the mappings of the standard dashboard. A standardized analyticmay be generated even though users are working on different spreadsheetsin various formats.

The analytical report may also account for different scenarios. Forexample, the metric in the analytical report may be shown as havingmultiple values, each value corresponding to one of the scenarios. InFIG. 11F, the user has selected two scenarios “Base 400” and “Base Case150.” The first analytical report may include a first set of resultsthat are generated from one or more scenarios selected by the firstuser. The first set of results are generated based on the predeterminedvalues of the plurality of scenarios and the first arrangement of datain the first spreadsheet. The second analytical report includes a secondset of results that are generated from one or more scenarios selected bythe second user. The second set of results are generated based on thepredetermined values of the plurality of scenarios and the secondarrangement of data in the second spreadsheet.

Example Mapping Tests

In some embodiments, the file server 120 may run one or more mappingtests to check mapping and other quality issues of various standardizedspreadsheets that are saved on the file server 120. A standardizedspreadsheet may take the form of the standard dashboard, which has astandard set of inputs, or the analytical report which has a standardset of outputs. As mentioned in the discussion above, the file server120 may deploy effectively, into a browser, spreadsheet functionalitythat is housed on the server side of the file server 120. Theserver-side spreadsheets may be optimized with respect to informationtransmission and browser navigation to make the complex serverfunctionality available in the browser, which may have a more limitedcomputation capability and speed. The browser allows administrators ofthe spreadsheet to manage version control and distribution of thespreadsheet to a curated audience without the disadvantages that may beassociated with sending the actual file. For example, if the actualspreadsheet is sent, the process may risk the loss of IntellectualProperty control, the lack of usage audit, and generate versioning risk.In some embodiments, some cells in the server-side spreadsheet may bemarked as protected contents. In rendering the spreadsheet in a browser,the protected contents may be removed or be converted to a publicversion of the contents. The curated audience may be privileged toaccess many spreadsheets in a library that are similar but not identicalin terms of format and functionality.

In some embodiments, the file server 120 manages the version control ofspreadsheets via one or more mapping checks to ensure that new versionsof models deployed from the server side conform to the same displayrequirements and functional consistency as previous versions. In thisway, end users accessing the functionality via the browser will have thecorrect experience and usage of the spreadsheet functionality asintended by the administrator. The various versions of spreadsheets mayinclude a first model that has a first arrangement of data, a secondmodel that has a second arrangement of data, additional edits andversions of the first model or the second model, and standardizedspreadsheets that may store various mapping with the first model and thesecond model.

The file server 120 allows creators and administrators of spreadsheetsto map and apply consistent inputs and outputs across a library ofsimilar but un-identical models stored on the server side of file server120. This provides the benefits of templatization for the user on thebrowser side. For example, the file server 120, based on anadministrator's inputs illustrated in FIG. 11C, may store a firstmapping to a first spreadsheet that represents a first model. Likewise,the file server 120 may store a second mapping to the second spreadsheetthat represents a second model. The standardized spreadsheet, which maybe a standard dashboard or an analytical report, may be a thirdspreadsheet that associates a set of cells in the standardizedspreadsheet to a first set of cells in the first spreadsheet accordingto the first mapping. The standardized spreadsheet may also associatethe same set of cells in the standardized spreadsheet to a second set ofcells in the second spreadsheet according to the second mapping. Thestandardized spreadsheet may be viewed by a curated audience that isgranted the privilege to view the spreadsheet.

The content, such as the cell values, formulas, and cross-references, ofthe standardized spreadsheet is based on the mapping files. The fileserver 120 performs one or more mapping tests to determine whether themapping is correct. The mapping tests may also be referred to as qualityassurance tests for the deployment of server side spreadsheets into thebrowser environment to check if the audience reviewing the spreadsheetin the browser environment will be able to view the correct content. Themapping tests may also test whether protected contents are converted orremoved in the browser version of the spreadsheet. The mapping tests mayevaluate the mapping and quality of the spreadsheets for models, thestandard dashboard, and/or the analytical report. The mapping tests maybe performed in response to a manual request from a user (e.g., anadministrator that creates the analytic report and the standarddashboard). The mapping tests may also be performed in response to editto any of the spreadsheets.

In various embodiments, the file server 120 may conduct different kindsof mapping tests to determine whether the spreadsheets, including thestandardized spreadsheet, include one or more informalities. Theinformalities may include errors in values or formulas, contents thatare not supposed to be included, formatting issues, and other visualerrors. While the term “mapping test” is used, the mapping testgenerally is a quality assurance test and is not limited to strictlyexamining the proper mapping between two spreadsheets. The mapping testsmay include tests that scan for various types of informalities. Themapping tests may include a hash test, cell value comparison test,external reference test, analytical report test, and scenario comparisontest. Upon running various tests, the file server 120 may generate areport for display at a user interface as a result of one or moremapping tests. FIG. 12 is an example of a mapping test report.

The hash test may run on any spreadsheet file. The spreadsheet file maybe an original file that includes a model, the standard dashboard, orthe analytical report. The software code of the hash test may cause aprocessor to read one or more cells in the server side file. Theprocessor scans for each cell and provides a pass if no spreadsheet cellhas a hash (error) value in the cell. The processor may identify a failif any spreadsheet cell has a hash (error) value in the cell. If thereare no hash values, this indicates the input sheet (e.g., the originalfile that includes a model) and the output sheet (e.g., the standardizedspreadsheet) have integrated correctly or at least the two files do notfail to integrate in terms of hash errors. Hash errors in spreadsheetsmay indicate a formula failure. The hash test ensures no suchfundamental formula failure has occurred on the server side beforedeployment into the browser.

The cell value comparison test reviews the cells found in the originalspreadsheet such as a model and compares those cells to thecorresponding cells in a standardized spreadsheet such as the standarddashboard to ensure that the cell values in both are the same. Forexample, a first cell in the first spreadsheet of the first model may bemapped to a dashboard cell in the standard dashboard. Both cells may begoverned by formulas. If the mapping, formal, and data arrangement arecorrect, the formulas will result in the same values. In this way, thefile server 120 ensures that the process of inserting standardized inputtabs has not altered the functionality of the original spreadsheet. FIG.12 is an example of the output report of a cell value comparison test.

The external reference test scans whether one or more cells include anexternal reference in any of the spreadsheets. For example, the codeinstructions review an original file (e.g., a file that corresponds to amodel) to ensure that there are no external reference links that havebeen added to the file since the last version control version wasdeployed. If multiple users manipulate an original file, one of theusers may insert one or more external links in the current version ofthe original file. The file server 120 performs the external referencetest to ensure that the new file is consistent with previous files alongthe dimension of external link functionality. The test may be run on theserver side file before deployment into the browser.

The file server 120 uses the analytical report test to review thecorrectness of the analytical report. An analytical report may begenerated by an underlying model based on cell values in the model. Thefile server 120 may use a standardized output calculator to call valuesfrom an original file that includes a model. The analytical report usesa standard calculation framework. When the standard inputs subsequentlyare added to the standard dashboard, the file server 120 checks whetherthe output of the standard output calculator has not changed because ofthe newly implemented input changes to the file. The analytical reporttest checks whether the standard dashboard and a model generate the sameresulting analytical report output by running the calculation from boththe standard dashboard and a model and comparing the results.

The scenario comparison check reviews an original file that includes amodel and an analytic report. The scenario comparison check changesvalues with respect to input cells in both spreadsheets. The file server120 may checks values in the spreadsheets based on the predeterminedvalues in one or more scenarios. With the change in input values basedon a scenario, the scenario comparison check is run in a fashion similarto the value comparison test to make sure that the resulting values inthe cells in two spreadsheets are similar. This test may capture errorsthat are not captured in the value comparison test because the valuecomparison test reviews a file that is static. Values in the valuecomparison test may match, but when input values change as a userselects a different scenario, the scenario comparison check may discoverthat a multiplier is different in the formulas of the two files, or thedirection of an arithmetic sign is reversed. Such differences arecaptured by changing values and observing the differing results, but notby viewing a static file.

In some embodiments, the mapping tests may also include checking forprotected content. For example, a first spreadsheet that represents amodel may be private and includes a protected content. A spreadsheetbeing private refers to the spreadsheet being associated with a firstlevel of access privilege that limits access to a certain group ofuser(s). The administrator of the spreadsheet, who has the accessprivilege, may generate a public publication or a spreadsheet that isassociated with a second level of access privilege that allows moreusers to view the content of the spreadsheet. The administrator mayintend to remove the protected content in the public version of thespreadsheet. The file server 120 may include a test that scans forwhether the protected content is included in the public publication.

The mapping tests may also include an aggregation test that determineswhether a value in a dashboard cell of the standardized spreadsheet isaggregated correctly. Details of the aggregation test are discussed inFIG. 8 .

Computing Machine Architecture

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating components of an examplecomputing machine that is capable of reading instructions from acomputer readable medium and execute them in a processor (orcontroller). A computer described herein may include a single computingmachine shown in FIG. 13 , a virtual machine, a distributed computingsystem that includes multiples nodes of computing machines shown in FIG.13 , or any other suitable arrangement of computing devices.

By way of example, FIG. 13 shows a diagrammatic representation of acomputing machine in the example form of a computer system 1300 withinwhich instructions 1324 (e.g., software, program code, or machine code),which may be stored in a computer readable medium for causing themachine to perform any one or more of the processes discussed herein maybe executed. In some embodiments, the computing machine operates as astandalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to othermachines. In a networked deployment, the machine may operate in thecapacity of a server machine or a client machine in a server-clientnetwork environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (ordistributed) network environment.

The structure of a computing machine described in FIG. 13 may correspondto any software, hardware, or combined components shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, including but not limited to, the client device 130, the file server120, and various engines, interfaces, terminals, and machines shown inFIGS. 2 and 3 . While FIG. 13 shows various hardware and softwareelements, each of the components described in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 mayinclude additional or fewer elements.

By way of example, a computing machine may be a personal computer (PC),a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), acellular telephone, a smartphone, a web appliance, a network router, aninternet of things (IoT) device, a switch or bridge, or any machinecapable of executing instructions 1324 that specify actions to be takenby that machine. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated,the term “machine” and “computer” also may be taken to include anycollection of machines that individually or jointly execute instructions1324 to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

The example computer system 1300 includes one or more processors 1302such as a CPU (central processing unit), a GPU (graphics processingunit), a TPU (tensor processing unit), a DSP (digital signal processor),a system on a chip (SOC), a controller, a state equipment, anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmablegate array (FPGA), or any combination of these. Parts of the computingsystem 1300 also may include a memory 1304 that store computer codeincluding instructions 1324 that may cause the processors 1302 toperform certain actions when the instructions are executed, directly orindirectly by the processors 1302. Instructions can be any directions,commands, or orders that may be stored in different forms, such asequipment-readable instructions, programming instructions includingsource code, and other communication signals and orders. Instructionsmay be used in a general sense and are not limited to machine-readablecodes.

One and more methods described herein improve the operation speed of theprocessors 1302 and reduces the space required for the memory 1304. Forexample, the architecture and methods described herein reduces thecomplexity of the computation of the processors 1302 by applying one ormore novel techniques that simplify the steps generating results of theprocessors 1302, particularly for a processor of a client device thatgenerates a web browser. The algorithms described herein also reduce thesize of the models and datasets to reduce the storage space requirementfor memory 1304.

The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed amongthe more than processors, not only residing within a single machine, butdeployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, theone or more processors or processor-implemented modules may be locatedin a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, anoffice environment, or a server farm). In other example embodiments, theone or more processors or processor-implemented modules may bedistributed across a number of geographic locations. Even though in thespecification or the claims may refer some processes to be performed bya processor, this should be construed to include a joint operation ofmultiple distributed processors.

The computer system 1300 may include a main memory 1304, and a staticmemory 1306, which are configured to communicate with each other via abus 1308. The computer system 1300 may further include a graphicsdisplay unit 1310 (e.g., a plasma display panel (PDP), a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)). The graphicsdisplay unit 1310, controlled by the processors 1302, displays agraphical user interface (GUI) to display one or more results and datagenerated by the processes described herein. The computer system 1300also may include alphanumeric input device 1312 (e.g., a keyboard), acursor control device 1314 (e.g., a mouse, a trackball, a joystick, amotion sensor, or other pointing instrument), a storage unit 1316 (ahard drive, a solid state drive, a hybrid drive, a memory disk, etc.), asignal generation device 1318 (e.g., a speaker), and a network interfacedevice 1320, which also are configured to communicate via the bus 1308.

The storage unit 1316 includes a computer readable medium 1322 on whichis stored instructions 1324 embodying any one or more of themethodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 1324 alsomay reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory1304 or within the processor 1302 (e.g., within a processor's cachememory) during execution thereof by the computer system 1300, the mainmemory 1304 and the processor 1302 also constituting computer readablemedia. The instructions 1324 may be transmitted or received over anetwork 1326 via the network interface device 1320.

While computer readable medium 1322 is shown in an example embodiment tobe a single medium, the term “computer readable medium” should be takento include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized ordistributed database, or associated caches and servers) able to storeinstructions (e.g., instructions 1324). The computer readable medium mayinclude any medium that is capable of storing instructions (e.g.,instructions 1324) for execution by the processors (e.g., processors1302) and that cause the processors to perform any one or more of themethodologies disclosed herein. The computer readable medium mayinclude, but not be limited to, data repositories in the form ofsolid-state memories, optical media, and magnetic media. The computerreadable medium does not include a transitory medium such as apropagating signal or a carrier wave.

ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

Beneficially, the example systems and processes described hereinovercome several obstacles in provisioning effectively in a browserenvironment. By maintaining the mapping of the values and the cells andencoding values in DOM elements while displaying a subset of values thatare currently covered by the display area of the user interface, theapplication can support a spreadsheet with a large amount of data usinga user interface that has a significantly lower processing power thanthe server. This allows user interfaces with lower processing power,such as web browsers, to be able to render a highly complex spreadsheet.The availability of content protection by converting protected contentsto other values at the server-side before the dataset carrying thevalues of the spreadsheet is transmitted to the application also allowsthe owner of the spreadsheet to have the flexibility to hide or restrictconfidential information in a collaborative environment.

Conventionally, spreadsheet load times at each new user-initiatedsession (e.g., multiple seconds depending on file size) areimpracticably slow for delivery to browser usage. The file server 120here maintain one or more spreadsheet file instances opened in a zerostate. The potential spreadsheet functionality and capacity used by thefile server 120 can be vastly larger than browser capacity. For example,browser capacity limits are typically estimated to about fewer than5,000 DOM elements while a spreadsheet processed by the file server 120,in one embodiment, may be able to accommodate 20,000,000,000 DOMelements. The system 100 also reduces the transmission lags between aserver and a client device for communicating a large quantity of dataencompassed in complex spreadsheets. The system 100 solves thesechallenges with several components working together such thatsubstantially the full power of spreadsheet functionality can beaccessed by browser-based users at practical speeds via a process thatimparts the benefits detailed above.

Conventionally, browser capabilities are overmatched by the typicalcomplexity of large classes of spreadsheet models. One way to visualizethe problem is to imagine a sheet of paper that may, for example, be 20feet long by 6 feet high, and that represents the full size of aspreadsheet analytics tab (note that there might be 30 or more, or anynumber, of such worksheets in a single file). Such a configuration leadsto challenges in visual rendering such as effectively displaying thislarge and dynamic landscape in small form factor displays (e.g., 11 to17-inch diagonal displays with browser window sizes that are oftensmaller). Moreover, rendering such large spreadsheets can overpower aconventional browser, causing it to hang with every interaction. Toaccommodate massive spreadsheet content that may reach 20,000,000,000DOM elements in a small browser vehicle that can handle perhaps only5,000 DOM elements effectively, the virtualization engine 316 maintainsthe mapping of the values and cells while may transmit a subset of DOMelements that are projected to be in the display area to display in auser interface 114.

The disclosed configurations may be useful for finance but also haveapplications in many other fields. In the past, the monetary stakes inthese markets have justified payment of high fees for dedicatedspecial-purpose built systems like those of BLOOMBERG or INTEX.Additionally, large institutions have built their own in-housedatabase-driven web applications that can sometimes be shared with thirdparties. These types of solutions are often more expensive and slower toimplement than embodiments described herein. An embodiment may mirrorthe spreadsheet functionality, reducing coding translation error fromwhat has already been built. The resulting approach is faster, andtherefore cheaper, than coding an existing spreadsheet directly into adatabase application.

Also, an example embodiment may serve to create an effective and cheapmethod for displaying DOM elements to a browser or, in other words, forbuilding a website. A user can use a spreadsheet to design and rapidlydeploy a web-page, or set of related web-pages that interact together,using the functionality specified in a spreadsheet file. Users would beable to rapidly change or update the web page using the processesdescribed herein. The functionality available in such a deployment couldeasily match and in many cases exceed that available through traditionalweb building tools. Spreadsheets include functionality to hyperlinkamong cells, which in embodiments described may be DOM elements. A usercould therefore hyperlink between and among elements in a virtualizationenvironment that was very large compared to the typical web page.

Moreover, there is no effective limit to the number of tabs a nativespreadsheet file may have if it were housed in an environment withsufficient processing power to support it. Each worksheet in such aspreadsheet (or more precisely cells on different tabs) could also beconnected with hyperlinks such that an entire family of web-pages wouldbe designed and deployed within a single zero-state spreadsheet file inembodiments describe herein. Spreadsheets also have the capability tohouse graphical images, to undertake complex calculations, to provideconditional formatting depending on the state of the cell, or to performany functions that are typically available within a web-enabledinterface. For these reasons, the configuration serves not only to be aneffective method for providing the benefits of a browser environment tothose seeking spreadsheet functionality, but they also serve to makeavailable the distinct benefits and strengths of spreadsheets to thoseconstructing website applications for browser environments.

The foregoing description of the embodiments has been presented for thepurpose of illustration; it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limitthe patent rights to the precise forms disclosed. Persons skilled in therelevant art can appreciate that many modifications and variations arepossible in light of the above disclosure.

Any feature mentioned in one claim category, e.g. method, can be claimedin another claim category, e.g. computer program product, system,storage medium, as well. The dependencies or references back in theattached claims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subjectmatter resulting from a deliberate reference back to any previous claims(in particular multiple dependencies) can be claimed as well, so thatany combination of claims and the features thereof is disclosed and canbe claimed regardless of the dependencies chosen in the attached claims.The subject-matter may include not only the combinations of features asset out in the disclosed embodiments but also any other combination offeatures from different embodiments. Various features mentioned in thedifferent embodiments can be combined with explicit mentioning of suchcombination or arrangement in an example embodiment or without anyexplicit mentioning. Furthermore, any of the embodiments and featuresdescribed or depicted herein may be claimed in a separate claim and/orin any combination with any embodiment or feature described or depictedherein or with any of the features.

Some portions of this description describe the embodiments in terms ofalgorithms and symbolic representations of operations on information.These operations and algorithmic descriptions, while describedfunctionally, computationally, or logically, are understood to beimplemented by computer programs or equivalent electrical circuits,microcode, or the like. Furthermore, it has also proven convenient attimes, to refer to these arrangements of operations as engines, withoutloss of generality. The described operations and their associatedengines may be embodied in software, firmware, hardware, or anycombinations thereof.

Any of the steps, operations, or processes described herein may beperformed or implemented with one or more hardware or software engines,alone or in combination with other devices. In one embodiment, asoftware engine is implemented with a computer program productcomprising a computer readable medium containing computer program code,which can be executed by a computer processor for performing any or allof the steps, operations, or processes described. The term “steps” doesnot mandate or imply a particular order. For example, while thisdisclosure may describe a process that includes multiple stepssequentially with arrows present in a flowchart, the steps in theprocess do not need to be performed by the specific order claimed ordescribed in the disclosure. Some steps may be performed before otherseven though the other steps are claimed or described first in thisdisclosure. Likewise, any use of (i), (ii), (iii), etc., or (a), (b),(c), etc. in the specification or in the claims, unless specified, isused to better enumerate items or steps and also does not mandate aparticular order.

Throughout this specification, plural instances may implementcomponents, operations, or structures described as a single instance.Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustratedand described as separate operations, one or more of the individualoperations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that theoperations be performed in the order illustrated. Structures andfunctionality presented as separate components in example configurationsmay be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly,structures and functionality presented as a single component may beimplemented as separate components. These and other variations,modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of thesubject matter herein. In addition, the term “each” used in thespecification and claims does not imply that every or all elements in agroup need to fit the description associated with the term “each.” Forexample, “each member is associated with element A” does not imply thatall members are associated with an element A. Instead, the term “each”only implies that a member (of some of the members), in a singular form,is associated with an element A. In claims, the use of a singular formof a noun may imply at least one element even though a plural form isnot used.

Finally, the language used in the specification has been principallyselected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not havebeen selected to delineate or circumscribe the patent rights. It istherefore intended that the scope of the patent rights be limited not bythis detailed description, but rather by any claims that issue on anapplication based hereon. Accordingly, the disclosure of the embodimentsis intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of thepatent rights.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method comprising: storinga first spreadsheet having a first arrangement of data; storing a secondspreadsheet having a second arrangement of data different from the firstarrangement of data; storing a standardized spreadsheet that stores afirst mapping to the first spreadsheet and a second mapping to thesecond spreadsheet, the standardized spreadsheet being a thirdspreadsheet that (1) associates a set of cells in the standardizedspreadsheet to a first set of cells in the first spreadsheet accordingto the first mapping and (2) associates the same set of cells in thestandardized spreadsheet to a second set of cells in the secondspreadsheet according to the second mapping; performing one or moremapping tests on the standardized spreadsheet to determine whether thestandardized spreadsheet includes one or more informalities, wherein theone or more mapping tests comprises an analytical report test and ascenario comparison check; and generating a report for display at a userinterface for a result of the one or more mapping tests.
 2. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more mappingtests comprises a hash error check that determines whether there is aformula failure in the standardized spreadsheet.
 3. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more mappingtests comprises a cell value comparison test that compares a first valuein a first cell in the first spreadsheet to a value in a cell of thestandardized spreadsheet, the first cell and the cell of thestandardized spreadsheet are associated according to the first mapping.4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or moremapping tests comprises an external reference check that scans one ormore external references in the first spreadsheet.
 5. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more mappingtests comprises an aggregation test that determines whether a value in adashboard cell of the standardized spreadsheet is aggregated correctly.6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the standardizedspreadsheet is associated with a plurality of scenarios, each scenarioassociated with a set of predetermined values for one or more cells. 7.The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or moremapping tests are performed responsive to an edit to the firstspreadsheet or the second spreadsheet.
 8. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 1, wherein the first spreadsheet is private includes aprotected content, the computer-implemented method further comprisesgenerating a public publication that removes the protected content,wherein the one or more mapping tests comprises a test that scans forwhether the protected content is included in the public publication. 9.A system comprising: one or more processors; and memory coupled to theone or more processors, the memory storing computer code comprisinginstructions, the instructions, when executed by the one or moreprocessors, cause the one or more processors to: store a firstspreadsheet having a first arrangement of data; store a secondspreadsheet having a second arrangement of data different from the firstarrangement of data; store a standardized spreadsheet that stores afirst mapping to the first spreadsheet and a second mapping to thesecond spreadsheet, the standardized spreadsheet being a thirdspreadsheet that (1) associates a set of cells in the standardizedspreadsheet to a first set of cells in the first spreadsheet accordingto the first mapping and (2) associates the same set of cells in thestandardized spreadsheet to a second set of cells in the secondspreadsheet according to the second mapping; perform one or more mappingtests on the standardized spreadsheet to determine whether thestandardized spreadsheet includes one or more informalities wherein theone or more mapping tests comprises an analytical report test and ascenario comparison check; and generate a report for display at a userinterface for a result of the one or more mapping tests.
 10. The systemof claim 9, wherein the one or more mapping tests comprises a hash errorcheck that determines whether there is a formula failure in thestandardized spreadsheet.
 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the one ormore mapping tests comprises a cell value comparison test that comparesa first value in a first cell in the first spreadsheet to a value in acell of the standardized spreadsheet, the first cell and the cell of thestandardized spreadsheet are associated according to the first mapping.12. The system of claim 9, wherein the one or more mapping testscomprises an external reference check that scans one or more externalreferences in the first spreadsheet.
 13. The system of claim 9, whereinthe one or more mapping tests comprises an aggregation test thatdetermines whether a value in a dashboard cell of the standardizedspreadsheet is aggregated correctly.
 14. The system of claim 9, whereinthe standardized spreadsheet is associated with a plurality ofscenarios, each scenario associated with a set of predetermined valuesfor one or more cells.
 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the one ormore mapping tests are performed responsive to an edit to the firstspreadsheet or the second spreadsheet.
 16. The system of claim 9,wherein the first spreadsheet is private includes a protected content,wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors togenerate a public publication that removes the protected content,wherein the one or more mapping tests comprises a test that scans forwhether the protected content is included in the public publication. 17.A non-transitory computer-readable medium configured to store computercode comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed by one ormore processors, cause the one or more processors to: store a firstspreadsheet having a first arrangement of data; store a secondspreadsheet having a second arrangement of data different from the firstarrangement of data; store a standardized spreadsheet that stores afirst mapping to the first spreadsheet and a second mapping to thesecond spreadsheet, the standardized spreadsheet being a thirdspreadsheet that (1) associates a set of cells in the standardizedspreadsheet to a first set of cells in the first spreadsheet accordingto the first mapping and (2) associates the same set of cells in thestandardized spreadsheet to a second set of cells in the secondspreadsheet according to the second mapping; perform one or more mappingtests on the standardized spreadsheet to determine whether thestandardized spreadsheet includes one or more informalities wherein theone or more mapping tests comprises an analytical report test and ascenario comparison check; and generate a report for display at a userinterface for a result of the one or more mapping tests.
 18. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the one ormore mapping tests comprises a hash error check that determines whetherthere is a formula failure in the standardized spreadsheet.
 19. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the one ormore mapping tests comprises a cell value comparison test that comparesa first value in a first cell in the first spreadsheet to a value in acell of the standardized spreadsheet, the first cell and the cell of thestandardized spreadsheet are associated according to the first mapping.20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein theone or more mapping tests comprises an external reference check thatscans one or more external references in the first spreadsheet.